Manuscripts can contain many different elements, including tables, equations, and figures. These elements should be provided in separate files from the chapter text and slugged into the chapter where you want them to be placed. Details for providing different elements follow. If you have questions that are not answered here, please contact us. 

Tables

All tables should be provided digitally if possible. Tables should be saved as one file per chapter; do not embed tables in the chapter files. Create your tables using the table function of your word processor. Number tables consecutively within each chapter using the decimal method (Table 1.1, Table 1.2, Table 2.1, Table 2.2, etc.) Please reference each table within the text, and indicate where each table should be placed within a chapter by including a note or slug line. For example, in the text where the table is first mentioned, you would add a reference such as “see Table 1.1” and immediately after that paragraph, type "Table 1.1 here" where you want the table to go within chapter 1. For example:

            Table 2.3 here………………………………………………  

• Use initial caps and lowercase in the table line.

• Use horizontal and vertical lines (rules) in the table body only if they are necessary for clarification.

• Place the table source and credit line immediately below the closing rule of the table, above the footnotes.  Table footnotes should appear below each table.  Use superscript a, b, c rather than 1, 2, 3 or symbols (see the sample table).

If you are preparing camera-ready tables, follow the format shown below and<br>

• Use a Times Roman font in 10 point.

• Make tables either full-page or half-page width.

• Use bold for the table title.

Contact us if more specific guidance is needed. Also, please read about permissions in the manuscript preparation guidelines for more important information about tables.

Example Table:

Table 3.3. Percentage of Total Cropland under Selected Crops:

Fresno and Imperial Counties, California, 1987; and Egypt, 1990

Sources: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1987 Census of Agriculture; Government of Pakistan, Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan, 1990-91, pp. 291-93: Egypt, 1995 personal communication, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Cairo.

Note: Information that applies to the whole table should be laced here under the heading Note (in italics) and without any superscript notation to it within the title or the body of the table. Information about specific areas in the table follow general notes, if any. All notes come after the source information. 

Equations

Equations should be provided in a separate file from the text (one file per chapter). Use the equation editor in your word processing program when necessary. If equations can be written without the equation editor please do so.

If necessary, number only the math equations that are referred to in the text. The chapter number should come first, followed by a period, and then in sequence from one and placed in parentheses to the right of the formula.  

EXAMPLE:                  

    a + b = c                                                                 (1.1)  
    d + e = f                                                                  (1.2) 

Figures

The term figures includes line drawings (sketches, graphs, and flowcharts) and halftones (photographs, radiographs, and x-rays). We can accept figures submitted on hard copy or as digital files (a Photoshop TIFF or an Illustrator EPS). Please supply printouts of ALL electronic artwork on single-sided 8.5 x 11 paper and at the size they are saved on disk. This acts as a recognition copy so we know what the file should look like. (If the file is bad, the printout is usually bad.) In addition, if we cannot use the file, we will still be able to scan from the hard copy. Note that we prefer to receive figures in digital form because, if done properly, working with digital images enables us to produce the book faster and at a lower cost. You should always keep high-quality copies of the images you submit regardless of whether they are digital files or originals.  

Number figures consecutively within each chapter using the decimal method (Figure 1.1, Figure 1.2, Figure 2.1, Figure 2.2, etc.). Each figure should be cited within the text in parentheses, e.g. (Fig. 2.1). Provide a caption for each figure, and save the captions in one file per chapter. Please indicate where each figure should be placed within a chapter by including a note or slug line. For example, type "Fig. 1.1 here" where you want the figure to go within chapter 1, typically immediately after the paragraph in which the figure is first mentioned.

If figures are being provided digitally, please read the Digital Figure Submission Guidelines. Take care to check figure size and dpi before submitting files (line figures and halftones need to be provided at different dpi, so check carefully). Do not embed figures in the chapter files. Please name each figure file by figure number (Fig10-10.tif). If you prefer to use a digital camera, we will need to review an image very early in the process to ensure quality.

If you are supplying original figures (photographs, drawings, radiographs, slides, etc.), please be sure to retain high-quality copies for yourself. It is possible for them to be damaged during shipping or in the scanning process. Please label each figure clearly. Photographs must be glossy prints with high contrast. Do not attach staples or paper clips to the surface. Lightly number photos on the back. In scientific material indicate the top with an arrow on the back. Lettering on original drawings should be done on a computer (see the Images Created in Drawing Programs section of the Digital Figure Submission Guidelines) or by a draftsperson. If you are unable to do this, you will need to make special arrangements with your acquiring editor.

We will not improve the appearance of your figures. Figures of unacceptable quality may be returned to you for replacement (possibly affecting the schedule) or dropped from the book. The quality of the figures provided by you will be the quality of the final product. If you submit hard copy of line drawings or diagrams in finished form, they should be of reproducible quality. Rough sketches and photocopies will not provide acceptable reproductions. For digital images, be especially careful with line figures created on a computer. Lines and curves should be smooth, not jagged. If your copy has jagged lines, it will likely appear that way in the book.

Color. If you and your editor have agreed that there are to be color figures, make sure that they are clearly labeled “to print in color.”

Figure Size. The maximum figure size (width and height) for the book sizes is listed here. We may reduce the size of the figure, but we cannot enlarge it.

                                               Figure Size                Figure Size

     Book Size                One Column Book      Two Column Book

     5 ½ x 8 ½                          4 x 6 ½                                 -

     6 x 9                                  4 ½ x 7 ½                             -

     7 x 10                                5 ½ x 8                            2 ¾ x 8

     8 ½ x 11                            7 x 9                                3 ¼ x 9

Permissions. Please read about permissions in our manuscript preparation guidelines for more important information about figures.

Digital Figure Submission Guidelines

Do not embed images in word processing programs. Separate your images from your text.

Scanned Images

Line Art (drawings, graphs, flowcharts)

•     These images need to be scanned as LINE ART at 1200 dpi TIFF format.  If your line art contains shading, it will need to be scanned as GRAYSCALE at 1200 dpi saved in TIFF format.

•     Line weights must be a minimum of 1/2 pt.  Please check your drawings carefully before scanning.  You may need to make some lines heavier.  The lines must be 1/2 pt at the size they will be printed.  If you are unsure of the size, refer to the figure size chart or ask your editor.  Line weight will go down as an image is reduced in size, so keep that in mind if you are working with drawings that are larger than the published size and adjust accordingly.

These files will be very large and may take some time to save and copy.

Halftones/Color photos (photographs, radiographs, x-rays)

•     If it contains various shades of gray or is a black and white photograph it will need to be scanned as GRAYSCALE at 300 dpi TIFF format.

•     If it contains color or is a color photograph and is going to appear in a book as a color image it will need to be scanned as CMYK COLOR or 32 bit at 300 dpi TIFF format.

Do not provide color scans unless your book is in color. Changing color scans to black and white can cause loss of color differentiation and make the photo look mushy.

Choose high quality photos to include in your book. Photos that are clear, sharp and have high contrast will reproduce best.

For RADIOGRAPHS and X-RAYS subtle shading within the picture can be important. If this is the case with your figures please send high quality hard copy that is exactly what you wish your pictures to look like. This will give us and the printer a reference point for getting the pictures right.

For all types of scanned images, the PERCENTAGE that you scan at should be the percentage you want it to appear in the book. Be aware of the WIDTH and HEIGHT of the final scanned form. The width is generally the same as the text block width and that depends on the size of book. (For more detailed information, see “Figure Size” in the Manuscript Element Guidelines.) WARNING: do not scale slides over 400%.

The following information is more detailed. Use this for best results:

Images Created in Drawing Programs

Submit these in ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR, EPS format. Unless your book is being printed in color, please do not use color shading. Please ensure that the shading types you use are distinct from each other. We can accept gray shading (tints of black) in electronic artwork, as there are no problems with scanning. We advise using no less than 15-20% black and no more than 50-55% black, with increments of no less than 20%. For example, if you are drawing a bar chart and use shading of 20%, the next closest you should use is 40%. 30% might look too similar to the 20% when printed.

PHOTOSHOP is also acceptable for creating images; save as Bitmap (or, if image is shaded, save as Grayscale instead), 1200dpi, Photoshop TIFF.

For text in illustrations, use 12 point Arial Bold. For labeling within illustrations, please capitalize every significant word, as you would in a book title. Minimum line width is 1/2 point at the printed size.

Be aware that we will not be correcting anything (including spelling) within these figures.

Submit your illustrations in the approximate size you want it published. If it needs to be reduced here, any text in the image may become unreadable.

Digital Cameras

If using a digital camera to shoot images, they need to be taken at 300 dpi. Not all cameras are capable of this. Please submit test files to us early so we can evaluate them and let you know if there are any problems.

Unless your book is in color, please set your camera to shoot in BLACK AND WHITE. Changing digital color photos to grayscale after they are shot can cause loss of color differentiation and make the photos look mushy.

Screen Shots

Screen shots need to be provided at a minimum of 300 dpi at their printed size. They also must be readable at this size. This can be a tricky combination. We have found that we get the best results by setting the screen resolution to the highest your monitor will support and then taking the screen shot. Please submit screen shots early for evaluation.

Figures from the Internet

Figures downloaded from a website do not have a high enough resolution for printing. If you want to use a figure from a website, you will need to talk to the owner of the website and request a high-resolution copy.